PMID:7538512

Citation	Johnson, MJ , Thatcher, E and Cox, ME (1995) Techniques for controlling variability in gram staining of obligate anaerobes. J. Clin. Microbiol. 33:755-8
Abstract	Identification of anaerobes recovered from clinical samples is complicated by the fact that certain gram-positive anaerobes routinely stain gram negative; Peptostreptococcus asaccharolyticus, Eubacterium plautii, Clostridium ramosum, Clostridium symbiosum, and Clostridium clostridiiforme are among the nonconformists with regard to conventional Gram-staining procedures. Accurate Gram staining of American Type Culture Collection strains of these anaerobic bacteria is possible by implementing fixing and staining techniques within a gloveless anaerobic chamber. Under anaerobic conditions, gram-positive staining occurred in all test organisms with "quick" fixing techniques with both absolute methanol and formalin. The results support the hypothesis that, when anaerobic bacteria are exposed to oxygen, a breakdown of the physical integrity of the cell wall occurs, introducing Gram stain variability in gram-positive anaerobes.
Links	PubMed PMC228030
Keywords	Bacteria, Anaerobic/isolation & purification; Fixatives; Formaldehyde; Gentian Violet/diagnostic use; Gram-Positive Bacteria/isolation & purification; Methanol; Phenazines/diagnostic use; Reproducibility of Results; Sensitivity and Specificity; Staining and Labeling/methods
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Phenotype of	Taxon Information	Genotype Information (if known)	Condition Information	OMP ID	OMP Term Name	ECO ID	ECO Term Name	Notes	Status
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