PMID:17122336

Citation	Inoue, T, Shingaki, R, Hirose, S, Waki, K, Mori, H and Fukui, K (2007) Genome-wide screening of genes required for swarming motility in Escherichia coli K-12.J. Bacteriol. 189:950-7
Abstract	Escherichia coli K-12 has the ability to migrate on semisolid media by means of swarming motility. A systematic and comprehensive collection of gene-disrupted E. coli K-12 mutants (the Keio collection) was used to identify the genes involved in the swarming motility of this bacterium. Of the 3,985 nonessential gene mutants, 294 were found to exhibit a strongly repressed-swarming phenotype. Further, 216 of the 294 mutants displayed no significant defects in swimming motility; therefore, the 216 genes were considered to be specifically associated with the swarming phenotype. The swarming-associated genes were classified into various functional categories, indicating that swarming is a specialized form of motility that requires a wide variety of cellular activities. These genes include genes for tricarboxylic acid cycle and glucose metabolism, iron acquisition, chaperones and protein-folding catalysts, signal transduction, and biosynthesis of cell surface components, such as lipopolysaccharide, the enterobacterial common antigen, and type 1 fimbriae. Lipopolysaccharide and the enterobacterial common antigen may be important surface-acting components that contribute to the reduction of surface tension, thereby facilitating the swarm migration in the E. coli K-12 strain.
Links	PubMed Online version:10.1128/JB.01294-06
Keywords	Antigens, Bacterial; Citric Acid Cycle; Escherichia coli; Escherichia coli Proteins; Fimbriae, Bacterial; Gene Deletion; Genes, Bacterial; Genome, Bacterial; Glucose; Microscopy, Electron, Transmission; Molecular Chaperones; Polysaccharides, Bacterial; Protein Folding; Signal Transduction
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Main Points of the Paper

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Materials and Methods Used

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Note that a nonisogenic parent strain was used as the control strain for all these experiments.

Phenotype Annotations

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Phenotype of	Taxon Information	Genotype Information (if known)	Condition Information	OMP ID	OMP Term Name	ECO ID	ECO Term Name	Notes	Status
a mutation or genetic difference within a strain	Taxon: Escherichia coli Strain: K-12 Substrain: BW 25113 NCBI Taxon ID: 83333	Genotype of Reference Strain: deaD (del)	Reference Condition:					Strongly-repressed colony size, branch spreading + swarming
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