PMID:2883171

Citation	Jenkins, LS and Nunn, WD (1987) Regulation of the ato operon by the atoC gene in Escherichia coli.J. Bacteriol. 169:2096-102
Abstract	The expression of the Ato enzymes, acetyl coenzyme A:acetoacetyl coenzyme A transferase and thiolase II, is required for growth of Escherichia coli on short-chain fatty acids. The structural genes for these enzymes, atoD, atoA, and atoB, respectively, make up the ato operon. A 48-kilodalton protein encoded by atoC was required for the synthesis or activation of the Ato enzymes. The expression of Ato enzyme activities was inducible in atoC+ strains, constitutive in atoCc strains, and noninducible in atoC mutants. Merodiploid studies demonstrated that the atoCc allele is trans-dominant to the atoC+ allele. To study the action of the trans-acting atoC-encoded activator, the promoter of the ato operon was fused to the promoterless galK gene and introduced into a low-copy-number vector. The resulting low-copy-number fusion plasmid was introduced into atoC+, atoC, and atoCc hosts. The expression of the fused galK gene was inducible in the atoC+ host, noninducible in atoC host strains, and constitutive when harbored in the atoCc host. This indicated that the atoC+ and atoCc gene products act at the level of transcription, stimulating the expression of the ato operon. A working model consistent with these results is presented.
Links	PubMed
Keywords	Acetoacetates; Acetyl-CoA C-Acetyltransferase; Butyrates; Cloning, Molecular; Coenzyme A-Transferases; DNA-Binding Proteins; Enzyme Induction; Escherichia coli; Gene Expression Regulation; Genes, Bacterial; Operon; Promoter Regions, Genetic; Sulfurtransferases
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Materials and Methods Used

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Phenotype Annotations

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Species	Taxon ID	Strain	Gene (if known)	OMP	Phenotype	Details	Evidence	Notes
Escherichia coli		LS5218	atoCc2	Growth on butyrate as a sole carbon source	Growth	spontaneous butyrate+ colonies	Plating Assay
Escherichia coli		LS5218	atoCc2	constitutive acetoacetate (AA)-CoA transferase level	Expression		Biochemical Assay	Table 3
Escherichia coli		LS5218	atoCc2	constitutive thiolase level	Expression		Biochemical Assay	Table 3
Escherichia coli		LS5218	atoCc2	increased levels of acetoacetate (AA)-CoA transferase	Metabolic Activity	two-fold higher than the inducible levels measured for the atoC+	Biochemical Assay	Table 3
Escherichia coli		LS5218	atoCc2	Growth on butyrate as a sole carbon source	Growth	spontaneous butyrate+ colonies	Plating Assay
Escherichia coli			atoCc2	constitutive thiolase level	Expression	merodiploid- fully dominant to the atoC+ genotype	Biochemical Assay	Table 3
Escherichia coli			atoCc2	constitutive acetoacetate (AA)-CoA transferase level	Expression	merodiploid- fully dominant to the atoC+ genotype	Biochemical Assay	Table 3
Escherichia coli			atoCc2	constitutive acetoacetate (AA)-CoA transferase level	Expression	trans-dominant to the atoC+ genotype	Biochemical Assay	Table 3
Escherichia coli			atoCc2	Growth on butyrate as a sole carbon source	Growth	trans-dominant to the atoC+ genotype	Plating Assay
Escherichia coli			atoC31	absent galactokinase activity	Metabolic Activity	with induction	Biochemical Assay	Table 5
Escherichia coli			atoC61	white colonies on MacConkey-galactose plates		with induction		Table 5
Escherichia coli			atoCc2	Growth on butyrate as a sole carbon source	Growth	trans-dominant to the atoC+ genotype	Plating Assay
Escherichia coli			atoC31	white colonies on MacConkey-galactose plates		with induction		Table 5
Escherichia coli			atoC61	absent galactokinase activity	Metabolic Activity	with induction	Biochemical Assay	Table 5
Escherichia coli			atoCc2	red colonies on MacConkey-galactose plates	Metabolic Activity	when induced or uninduced	Plating Assay	Table 5
Escherichia coli			atoCc2	increased galactokinase activity	Metabolic Activity	2-3 fold higher galactokinase activity than atoC+	Biochemical Assay	Table 5
Escherichia coli			atoC+	able to utilize galactose as carbon source	Metabolic Activity		Plating Assay	Table 5
Escherichia coli			atoCc2	able to utilize galactose as carbon source	Metabolic Activity		Plating Assay	Table 5
Escherichia coli			atoC31	unable to utilize galactose as carbon source	Metabolic Activity		Plating Assay	Table 5
Escherichia coli			atoC61	unable to utilize galactose as carbon source	Metabolic Activity		Plating Assay	Table 5
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