PMID:52916
| Citation |
Adams, E (1975) Studies in gram staining. Stain Technol 50:227-31 |
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| Abstract |
Gram-negative bacteria stained with crystal violet are decolorized by 95% alcohol within 2 min, whereas Gram-positive bacteria require at least 3 min treatment. Aqueous solutions of safranin, neutral red, and fuschsin replace crystal violet from stained Gram-positive bacteria more quickly than alcohol alone, and alcoholic solutions of these counterstains are in most cases still more effective. Treatment of crystal violet-stained organisms with alcoholic safranin (0.25%) for 15 sec will distinguish Gram-positive bacteria (violet) from Gram-negative bacteria (pink). Alcohol containing very low concentrations of iodine generally decolorizes crystal violet-stained Gram-positive bacteria more quickly than alcohol alone. Increasing concentrations of iodine in alcohol reduce the rate of decolorization of stained bacteria, but stained Gram-negative bacteria are still readily decolorized. The addition of 0.1% iodine to alcohol increases the rate of extraction of crystal violet by alcohol from Gram-negative organisms, but delays extraction of dye from Gram-positive organisms, and this applies when counterstain is also present. A two-solution modification of Gram staining is described in which crystal violet-stained bacteria are treated with an alcoholic solution of safranin, fuchsin, and iodine. |
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| Keywords |
Bacteria; Color; Coloring Agents; Gentian Violet; Iodine; Rosaniline Dyes; Staining and Labeling |
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| Phenotype of | Taxon Information | Genotype Information (if known) | Condition Information | OMP ID | OMP Term Name | ECO ID | ECO Term Name | Notes | Status |
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